A>disorders of spermatogenesis-
1)hormonal-
-hypothalamic disorder
-pituitary secretion of FSH&LH
-hyperprolactinemia causing impotence or diminished libido
-hypothyroidism,adrenal gland disorder,diabetes
2)primary testicular disorder-
-idiopathic ,varicocele
-klinfelter's syndrome
-cryptorchism
-drugs
-radiation
-orchitis
-chronic illness
-immunological dirorders
B>duct obstrtction-
congenital absence,surgical trauma ,young's syndrome
C>accessory gland disorder-
prostitis,versiculitis,congenital absence
D>disorders of sperm & vesicular fluid-sperm anti bodies,low fructose in seminal plasma,sperm acrosome dèfect ,zona penetration defect
E>sexual dysfunction-low freq coitus ,impotence,hypospodias,retrograde ejaculation
F>psychological& envirnmental factors-smoking ,alcohol ,tobacco,drugs like antihypertensive ,anti psychotic ,steroids
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