Seizure features

The following features can be used to distinguish a seizure from a faint:

CATCH A seizure:

• Confusion (post-ictal)
• Amnesia (post-ictal)
• Tongue-biting
• Cyanosis
• Headache (post-ictal)

• Aura (e.g. olfactory)

neurology 2

Pontine Haemorrhages 3Ps
Paralysis, Pin-point pupils, Pyrexia

Premature senile dementia DEEP SHIT
Deficiency B12, Epilepsy, Endocrine (myxoedema), Parkinsonism
Syphilis (GPI), Huntingtons, Injury, Tumour

Proximal Myopathy PD HEN
Polymyositis, Dermatomyositis, Hereditary Muscular Dystrophies,
Endocrine (DM, Cushings, Osteomalacia, Thyrotoxicosis - DM COT), Neuropathy

Neurology 1

Absent ankle jerks but extensor plantars Sex can make the F*ing ankles Dorsiflex
Subacute combined degeneration of the cord
Conus Medullaris
Motor Neurone disease
Tabes dorsalis
Fredreich’s Ataxia
Diabetic neuropathy

Altered Mental State AEIOU TIPS
Alcohol (drugs), Endocrine, Insulin, Opiates, Ureamia
Toxins / trauma / tumour, Infections, Psychosis / Porphyria, SOL / stroke / seizure / shock

Cerebellar signs VANISH DDT
Vertigo, Ataxia, Nystagmus, Intention tremor, Slurred speech, Hypotonia
Dysdiadocokinesia, Dysmetria, Titubation
or PINARDS
Past-pointing, Intention tremor, Nystagmus, Ataxia, Rebound, Dysdiad, Slurred Speech
Confusion DIM FACES
Drugs / Dehydration, Infection, Metabolic / MI,
Fracture / Failure, Alcohol / Anaemia, CVA, Electrolyte disturbances, S.O.L.

Dystrophia Myotonica BIG CHIPS
Balding (frontal), Intellectual impairment, Glucose intolerance
Cataracts / Cardiomyopathy, Handshake / Hyporeflexia, ↓IgG, Ptosis, Small gonads

Mononeuritis Multiplex DRAW CLAPS
DM, RA, AIDS, Wegeners
Carcinomatosis / Churg-Strass, Leprosy, Amyloid, PAN, SLE

Multiple sclerosis CURSED HIV
Cerebellar signs, UMNL, Retrobulbar neuritis, Spastic paraparesis, Euphoria
Dementia / Depression / Diplopia
Horners, Incontinence, Vertigo / Vomiting

Muscles supplied by Median Nerve LOAF
Lumbricales, Opp pollicus, Abd pollicus, Flex pollicus brevis

Neuropathic Ulcers TADS
Tabes Dorsalis, Alcohol, DM, Syringomyelia

Parkinsons PARKINSONS
Pill rolling, akinesia, rigidity, kyphosis, instability, neck titubation, shuffling gait,
occulogyric crisis, nose tap (glabellar), small writing

Peripheral neuropathy DANG THE PAPIST
DM, Alcohol, Nutrition (B1, B2, B12), Guillian Barre
Trauma, Hereditary, Environmental (lead, drugs)
Paraneoplastic, Amyloid, Porphyria, Inflammatory, Syphilis, Tumours of nerves (HMSN)

Polyneuropathy VITAMINS
Vit def / vasculitides, infection (TB, leprosy, syphillis, polio)
Toxins (amiodarone, antiseptics, INH, lead, metronidazole, phenytoin, vincristine)
Amyloid, Metabolic (alcohol, DM, ↑thyroid, porphyria, liver & renal failure),
Idiopathic / Inherited, Neoplasm, Systemic (SLE, PAN, multiple myeloma)

Causes of Pure motor neuropathy

"PHD is A TALL degree"
P= Poliomyelitis
H= Hereditary spinal muscular atrophy
D= Dapsone intoxication
A= Adult variant of Hexosaminidase deficiency
T= Tick bite paralysis
A= Acute intermittent porphyria
L= Lead intoxication
L= Lambert Eaton Syndrome
L= LMN form of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

A- Acute , Ascending
B- Bilateral
C- cyto-albumin dissociation
D- Demyelination
E- Elevated protein count , EMG for accurate test
F- Flacid paralysis
G- Guillain-Barre
H- Hyporeflexia or absent 

FEATURES OR PARKINSON'S DISEASES-

"RHTDM"
R-RIGIDITY
H-HYPOKINESIA
T-TREMORS
D-DEMENTIA
M-MASK LIKE FACE

Tabes Dorsalis features

DORSALIS:

Dorsal column degeneration
Orthopedic pain (Charcot joints)
Reflexes decreased (deep tendon)
Shooting pain
Argyll-Robertson pupils
Locomotor ataxia
Impaired proprioception
Syphilis

Dementia causes...

TV DEMENTIA..

T:toxic cause(alcohol),
V:vitamin deficiency(b12),
D:Degenerative disease like alzheimer,
E:emboli(vascular causes),
M:metabolic causes like renal nd liver failure,
E:endocrine cause like hypothyroidism,
N:normal pressure hydrocephalus,
T:trauma,
I:infection(encephalitis),
A:anoxia(cardiac failure)..

Causes of seizures

VITAMIN

Vascular(stroke),
Infections,
Trauma,
AV malformation,
Metabolic
Idiopathic
Neoplasm

Nerve thickening

ISLAND
IDIOPATHIC HYPERTROPHIC NEUROPATHY
SARCOIDOSIS
LEPROSY
AMYLOIDOSIS
NEUROFIBROMATOSIS
DIABETES MELLITUS

Multiple sclerosis: Features

DEMYELINATION"

Diplopia / Dysmetria / Dysdiadochokinesis / Depression
Eye movement painful (Optic neuritis)
Motor: Weakness; spasticity
nYstagmus
Elevation in temperature (Uhthoff's phenomenon)
Lhermitte's sign
Intention tremor
Neuropathic pain
Ataxia
Talking is slurred; dysarthria
Impotence
Overactive bladder (urinary urgency)
Numbness (sensory defect)

symptoms of parkinsonism:-

Go MDR TB

Gait disorder

Mask like face
Dyskinesia
Rigidity (of muscles)

Tremor
Bradykinesia