Schizophrenia types

Crazy People Hear Something

• Catatonic – unresponsive, fixed stupor

• Paranoid – often delusional, angry, jealous

• Hebephrenic – disintegration of personality, erratic speach

• Simple - disintegration of thinking process

Schizophrenia symptoms

Positive symptoms

THREAD

• Thinking disturbed, neologisms
• Hallucinations, typically auditory
• Reduced contact with reality
• Emotional control affected – incongruous affect
• Arousal may lead to worsening of symptoms

Negative symptoms

LESS

• Loss of volition, under-activity, social withdrawal
• Emotionally flat
• Speech reduced, monosyllabic
• Slowness in movement and thought, psychomotor retardation

Schizophrenia – Schneider’s first rank symptoms

BADS

• Broadcasting, insertion and withdrawal of thought
• Auditory hallucinations
• Delusional perception (i.e. taking a normal sensory perception to mean a bizarre situation such as taking seeing an aeroplane as indicating the patient should be the next president)
• Somatic passivity / delusions of control

Dementia causes...

TV DEMENTIA..

T:toxic cause(alcohol),
V:vitamin deficiency(b12),
D:Degenerative disease like alzheimer,
E:emboli(vascular causes),
M:metabolic causes like renal nd liver failure,
E:endocrine cause like hypothyroidism,
N:normal pressure hydrocephalus,
T:trauma,
I:infection(encephalitis),
A:anoxia(cardiac failure)..

Symptoms of Mania

DIG FAST
Distractibility Indiscretion (DSM-IV's "excessive involvement in pleasurable activities . . .")
Grandiosity
Flight of ideas
Activity increase
Sleep deficit (decreased need for sleep)
Talkativeness (pressured speech)

SIGECAPS

Sleep disorder (either increased or decreased sleep)
Interest deficit (anhedonia)
Guilt (worthlessness, hopelessness, regret)
Energy deficit
Concentration deficit
Appetite disorder (either decreased or increased)
Psychomotor retardation or agitation
Suicidality

REM: features

REM:

Rapid pulse/ Respiratory rate

Erection

Mental activity increase/ Muscle paralysis

Narcolepsy: symptoms, epidemiology

CHAP:

Cataplexy

Hallucinations

Attacks of sleep

Paralysis on wakin

Depression: symptoms

BAD CRISES:
Behavioural change (slowing down or agitation)
Appetite change (weight loss or weight gain in the young)
Depressed look (looking down)
Concentration decrease (does not do serial 7s well)
Ruminations (constant negative thoughts, hopelessness good indicator of suicidality)
Interest (reduced interest in what is normally pleasurable)
Sleep change (insomnia or hypersomnia, sleeping early, waking up at night, waking up feeling tired)
Energy change (fatigue)
Suicide

AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC): features

AIDS:
Atrophy of cortex
Infection/ Inflammation
Demyelination
Six months death