Acidosis

Metabolic LUSK
Lactic, Uraemic, Salicylate, Ketoacidosis

Ketoacidosis SAD
Starvation, Alcohol, DM

Increased Anion Gap MUD PILES
Methanol / metformin, Uraemia, DKA / AKA
Paraldehyde / phenformin, Iron / INH, lactic, ethylene glycol,
salicylate / shock / sepsis / starvation

Normal Anion Gap Acidosis HARD UP
Hyperventilation /hyperalimentation, Acetazolamide, RTA, diarrhoea
Ureteral diversion (ureterosigmoidostomy), pancreatic fistula / parenteral NaCl

Addisons, causes of ANTAM
Autoimmune, Neoplastic, TB, Amyloid, Meningococcal (Waterhouse-Freidhrick)

Diabetes, complications KNIVES
Kidney, Neuropathy, Infection, Vascular, Eyes, Skin lesions

Hypercalcaemia NHS MTV FAPD
Neoplastic (Bony mets, Myeloma, Sq lung), Hyperparathyroidism, Sarcoid
Milk-alkali syn., Thyrotoxicosis, Vit D intoxication
Pagets (acute), Addisons, Familial, Drugs

Hypoglycaemia RE-EXPLAIN
Renal failure, exogenous, pituitary, liver failure, alcohol, infection, neoplasm (insulinoma)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia
MEN I T3P
Thyroid adenoma, Parathyroid, pituitary, pancreas (islet cell, ZE syndrome)

MEN IIa 2PM
Parathyroid, phaeo, Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC – calcitonin)

MEN IIb 2PM MG
As above, plus, marfanoid phenotypes, ganglioneuroma (intestinal & visceral)

Osmolar Gaps ME DIE
Methanol, ethanol
Diuretics (mannitol, sorbitol, glycerol), Isopropranolol, ethylene glycol

Phaeochromocytoma 4Ps
Pain, pallor, palpitations, perspiration