Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus results from an imbalance between production and absorption of  cerebrospinal fluid.it may b communicating or non com.
A)in comm. There is on blockage between the ventricular system,the basal cisterns and spinal subarachnoid space.
B)in non comm. The block is at any level in the ventri. Systew commonly at d level of foramina of Luschka n Magendie.

Causes
1. Congenital
-intrauterine inf: rubella,cytomegalovirus,toxo.
-intracranial bleeds,intraventri hemorrhage
-cöng. midline tumours
-cong. Malformations:aqueduct stenosis,Dandy Walker synd.
2.acquired
-TB,chronic n pyogenic meningitis
-post intraventricular hemo.
-astrocytoma,ependymoma
-av malformation,intracranial hemo.,ruptured aneurysm



C/f
-enlarging head size
-delayed closure of sutures n fontanels
-headache,nausea,vomiting
-personality n behaviour disturbances.
-irritability,drowsiness,apathy
-papilledema,nerve palsies
-scalp veins dilated
-skull cöntour becomes abnormal.

Diagnosis
-cranial ultrasound
-CT Scan
-MRI

Management
-treatment of underlying disease -acetazolamide 50mg/kg/day
-oral glycerol
-ventriculo peritoneal shunt